Every important scientific claim should have a source. We do not invent PubMed IDs. Cite the primary record, not a paid backlink.
Copy the bibliographic line under each record, or open the original DailyMed, PubMed, or PMC page. Editorial write-ups also include a page-level citation. KnownPeptides does not buy links.
FDA
OZEMPIC (semaglutide) injection, for subcutaneous use — FDA labeling via DailyMedOZEMPIC (semaglutide) injection, for subcutaneous use — FDA labeling via DailyMed. DailyMed / U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=adec4fd2-6858-4c99-91d4-531f5f2a2d79.
FDA
WEGOVY (semaglutide) injection — FDA labeling via DailyMedWEGOVY (semaglutide) injection — FDA labeling via DailyMed. DailyMed / U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=ee06186f-2aa3-4990-a760-757579d8f77b.
FDA
MOUNJARO (tirzepatide) injection — FDA labeling via DailyMedMOUNJARO (tirzepatide) injection — FDA labeling via DailyMed. DailyMed / U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=d2d7da5d-ad07-4228-955f-cf7e355c8cc0.
FDA
ZEPBOUND (tirzepatide) injection — FDA labeling via DailyMedZEPBOUND (tirzepatide) injection — FDA labeling via DailyMed. DailyMed / U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=487cd7e7-434c-4925-99fa-aa80b1cc776b.
Official documentation
Mounjaro (tirzepatide) U.S. Prescribing InformationMounjaro (tirzepatide) U.S. Prescribing Information. Eli Lilly and Company. https://pi.lilly.com/us/mounjaro-uspi.pdf.
FDA
EGRIFTA WR (tesamorelin) for injection — FDA labeling via DailyMedEGRIFTA WR (tesamorelin) for injection — FDA labeling via DailyMed. DailyMed / U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=839334d3-8c1d-4c26-9036-2ab524a6ea75.
NIH
Clinical Review Report: Tesamorelin (Egrifta)Clinical Review Report: Tesamorelin (Egrifta). CADTH / NCBI Bookshelf. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539131/.
PubMed
Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity (STEP 1)Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al. (2021). Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity (STEP 1). New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2032183. PMID 33567185.
PubMed
Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN-6)Marso SP, Bain SC, Consoli A, et al. (2016). Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN-6). New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1607141. PMID 27633186.
PubMed
Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (SURPASS-2)Frías JP, Davies MJ, Rosenstock J, et al. (2021). Tirzepatide versus Semaglutide Once Weekly in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (SURPASS-2). New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2107519. PMID 34170647.
PubMed
Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-1)Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, et al. (2022). Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-1). New England Journal of Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2206038. PMID 35658024.
PubMed
Effects of tesamorelin (TH9507), a growth hormone-releasing factor analog, in HIV-infected patients with excess abdominal fat: a pooled analysis of two phase 3 trialsFalutz J, Mamputu JC, Potvin D, et al. (2010). Effects of tesamorelin (TH9507), a growth hormone-releasing factor analog, in HIV-infected patients with excess abdominal fat: a pooled analysis of two phase 3 trials. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. PMID 20554713.
PubMed
Effects of tesamorelin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in HIV: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre trialStanley TL, Fourman LT, Feldpausch MN, et al. (2019). Effects of tesamorelin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in HIV: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre trial. The Lancet HIV. PMID 31611038.
PubMed
Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adultsTeichman SL, Neale A, Lawrence B, Gagnon C, Castaigne JP, Frohman LA. (2006). Prolonged stimulation of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I secretion by CJC-1295, a long-acting analog of GH-releasing hormone, in healthy adults. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-1536. PMID 16352683.
PubMed
Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogueRaun K, Hansen BS, Johansen NL, et al. (1998). Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue. European Journal of Endocrinology. PMID 9849822.
PubMed
The pharmacological properties of the novel peptide BPC 157 (PL-10)Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Brcic L, et al. (2007). The pharmacological properties of the novel peptide BPC 157 (PL-10). Inflammopharmacology / related review literature indexed on PubMed. PMID 17657443.
Review
Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing(2025). Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. PMC / NCBI. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12446177/.
Review
Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing(2021). Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. PMC / NCBI. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8275860/.
PubMed
The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistanceLee C, Zeng J, Drew BG, et al. (2015). The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Cell Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2015.02.009. PMID 25738455.
Review
Unregulated Peptide Use in the Age of Biohacking: Digital Promotion, Gray-Market Access, and Emerging Public Health RisksUnregulated Peptide Use in the Age of Biohacking: Digital Promotion, Gray-Market Access, and Emerging Public Health Risks. PMC / NCBI. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13355462/.
NIH
Peptides — NCBI Bookshelf / NIH educational resourcesPeptides — NCBI Bookshelf / NIH educational resources. National Library of Medicine. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/.
FDA
Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved DrugsDrugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/.
Clinical trial
ClinicalTrials.govClinicalTrials.gov. U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://clinicaltrials.gov/.
PubMed
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide, in human volunteersGobburu JVS, Agersø H, Jusko WJ, Ynddal L. (1999). Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of ipamorelin, a growth hormone releasing peptide, in human volunteers. Pharmaceutical Research. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1018955126402. PMID 10477003.
PubMed
Sermorelin: a review of its use in the diagnosis and treatment of children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiencyPrakash A, Goa KL. (1999). Sermorelin: a review of its use in the diagnosis and treatment of children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency. BioDrugs. PMID 10477732.
PubMed
Pharmacokinetic study of Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide 6 (GHRP-6) in nine male healthy volunteersCabrales A, Gil J, Fernández E, et al. (2013). Pharmacokinetic study of Growth Hormone-Releasing Peptide 6 (GHRP-6) in nine male healthy volunteers. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2012.10.006. PMID 23099431.
FDA
VYLEESI (bremelanotide injection), for subcutaneous use — FDA labeling via DailyMedVYLEESI (bremelanotide injection), for subcutaneous use — FDA labeling via DailyMed. DailyMed / U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=9146ae05-918b-483e-b86d-933485ce36eb.
FDA
SCENESSE (afamelanotide) implant — FDA labeling via DailyMedSCENESSE (afamelanotide) implant — FDA labeling via DailyMed. DailyMed / U.S. National Library of Medicine. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=056a916b-ab67-4d5e-8bbe-bca0047bc8e7.
PubMed
LY3437943, a novel triple GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist for glycemic control and weight loss: from discovery to clinical proof of conceptCoskun T, Urva S, Roell WC, et al. (2022). LY3437943, a novel triple GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist for glycemic control and weight loss: from discovery to clinical proof of concept. Cell Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2022.07.013. PMID 35985340.
PubMed
Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of concomitant administration of multiple doses of cagrilintide with semaglutide 2.4 mg for weight management: a randomised, controlled, phase 1b trialEnebo LB, Berthelsen KK, Kankam M, et al. (2021). Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of concomitant administration of multiple doses of cagrilintide with semaglutide 2.4 mg for weight management: a randomised, controlled, phase 1b trial. The Lancet. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)00845-X/abstract.
PubMed
Mazdutide reduces body weight in adults with overweight or obesity: A high-dose Phase 1 trialMazdutide reduces body weight in adults with overweight or obesity: A high-dose Phase 1 trial. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.70040.
PubMed
Survodutide (BI 456906) pharmacokinetics literatureSurvodutide (BI 456906) pharmacokinetics literature. PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=survodutide+BI+456906+half-life+pharmacokinetics.
Review
Growth hormone secretagogues: history, mechanism of action, and clinical developmentGrowth hormone secretagogues: history, mechanism of action, and clinical development. Rehabilitation Oncology. https://doi.org/10.1002/rco2.9.
PubMed
Kisspeptin-54 stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis in human malesDhillo WS, Chaudhri OB, Patterson M, et al. (2005). Kisspeptin-54 stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis in human males. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2005-1468. PMID 16174713.
Review
Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential(2025). Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic Potential. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26030944.
PubMed
Acadesine: a new drug for the treatment of acute myocardial ischemiaAcadesine: a new drug for the treatment of acute myocardial ischemia. PubMed / clinical pharmacology literature. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=acadesine+pharmacokinetics+half-life.
PubMed
Cibinetide (ARA 290) clinical and pharmacokinetic literatureCibinetide (ARA 290) clinical and pharmacokinetic literature. PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=cibinetide+ARA-290+pharmacokinetics.